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Functional neuromarkers for psychiatry : applications for diagnosis and treatment

Kropotov, Juri D.

eBook 2016

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Description *Functional neuromarkers for psychiatry : applications for diagnosis and treatment / Juri D. Kropotov
London : Elsevier Science, 2016
1 online resource : illustrations
Note Formato pdf
1 testo elettronico (PDF). ((Modalità di accesso: WWW. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780124105133
Accesso riservato secondo le condizioni contrattuali
ISBN 9780124105133
Author
Kropotov, Juri D.
Subjects Marcatori neurologici
PSICOMETRIA
Dewey 616.89075 DISTURBI MENTALI. Diagnosi e prognosi
Publication year 2016
Titolo dell'opera Functional neuromarkers for psychiatry
Nota di contenuto di polo Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; Two recent events that may change psychiatry; Mental illness as a challenge to healthcare systems; DSM and ICD as dictionaries of psychopathology; The hurdles to overcome; From symptoms to neuronal circuits; From "decade of the brain" to "decade of translation"; Concept of biomarker; Neuromarkers and neuroimaging; Endophenotype in psychiatry; Extended endophenotype; Genetic and epigenetic factors; Common psychiatric diseases are not Mendelian disorders; Risk factors; Search for nonpharmaceutical methods of treatment. Training in clinical neuroscienceHuman Brain Indices database as a source of reference; Personal motives; Part 1 -- Methods of Assessing Neuromarkers; Chapter 1.1 -- Theory of Measurement; True and observed scores, errors; Reliability; Validity; Distribution across population; Percentiles and z scores; Sensitivity and specificity; Effect size; Requirements for introducing a neuromarker into clinical practice; Chapter 1.2 -- Psychometrics and Neuropsychological Assessment; Psychological models; Neuropsychological testing; Supervisory attentional system model; Operations of attentional control. Dual mechanisms of cognitive controlGeneral factor; Reaction time; Reaction time variability; Continuous performance tasks; Infraslow fluctuations in performance; Big 5 model; Chapter 1.3 -- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Talairach atlas; Montreal Neurological Institute atlas; Physical basis of magnetic resonance imaging; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; BOLD response; BOLD infralow fluctuations; 0.1-Hz hemodynamic oscillations; Processing steps in functional imaging; Activation maps of fMRI; Model-dependent correlational methods; Model-free correlational methods. Task-negative and task-positive networksFunctional connectivity and diffuse tensor imaging; Test-retest reliability; fMRI in neurological practice; Challenges for clinical fMRI; Chapter 1.4 -- Positron Emission Tomography; Physical basis of positron emission tomography; Neuroreceptors; Test-retest reliability; Neurotransmitters and receptor imaging in clinics; Chapter 1.5 -- Spontaneous Electroencephalogram; How an electroencephalogram is measured; Montages; Electrical events in the cortex; 10-20 International System; Frequency bands. Electroencephalograms as a reflection of cortical self-regulationVoltage-gated ion channels; Nonbrain events (artifacts) in electroencephalograms; Spectral analysis of electroencephalograms; Interindividual differences; Wavelet transformation; Coherence; Neuronal sources of electrical currents; Intracortical connectivity; Cortical focus and spikes; Volume conductance; Inverse problem: dipole approximation; Inverse problem: nonparametric solutions; Current source density; Blind source separation; Independent component analysis.